Party Competition over the Centre-Periphery Cleavage. A Comparative Analysis of the Spanish Regions

This investigation is an examination of party competition over the centre-periphery cleavage. The focus is placed on which factors are expected to have a deep effect on the way parties compete when framing the relations between centres and peripheries. The literature has explored different key elements that are able to strongly influence party behaviour along this cleavage, such as for example, party type, ideology, identity, or language. This thesis is centred on other factors that have been overlooked by the same different studies. These are: distance, fragmentation, and polycentricity. The main purpose is to observe the ways in which parties adapt to them in the different regions in which they compete. This research problem is approached via the research question: what factors shape party competition on the centre-periphery cleavage? To answer this research question, the research method used is the sub-national comparative method. This method is applied by using a sequential mix method approach, with a quantitative followed by a qualitative analysis. The purpose of this is obtain at the same time a complete and in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Employing a case study research strategy, Spain is examined based on the politically salient territorial tensions between its centre and peripheries. In order to observe how the centre-periphery cleavage unfolds, the main sources of information chosen are the political manifestos articulated by parties to compete in regional elections. Addressing the regional level allows to comprehend with more detail how this territorially based cleavage is formulated. From the above three factors, the main findings point in the direction of characterising distance as the element that influence the most the way in which parties compete along the centre-periphery cleavage. The further away a region is from the centre, the more parties territorialise their appeals to the voters. This is followed by fragmentation, which has unexpected and promising results. Polycentricity has to be further analysed in future research agendas, but the results preliminary flag the importance of its different degrees of impact. Finally, these factors are best understood in a qualitative manner in contrast to the literature that also examines Spain, normally based on quantitative data

Desarrollo del debate teórico en torno al nacionalismo y la nación a través del esquema kuhniano

For purposes of analysis and also to find meaning, much has been written about two intrinsically-linked terms: nationalism and the nation. The main positive consequence of this has been a vast theoretical debate about nationalism and the nation that undoubtedly enriches them. On the other hand, the main negative consequence is that development of the debate itself and its evolution have received little attention. The aim of this article is to show how this debate was constructed around the four classical paradigms of nationalism. To do this, the Kuhnian scheme is applied to determine when, how, and why these classical paradigms were articulated around these two terms. The main purpose of this is to delve into the historical explanation given by Moreno Almendral (2015), but from the philosophy of science, developing a much more detailed vision of the debate around nationalism and the nation.Mucho se ha escrito para analizar y dar sentido a dos términos que vienen intrínsecamente unidos, el nacionalismo y la nación. La principal consecuencia positiva de esto ha sido un vasto debate teórico sobre el nacionalismo y la nación que indudablemente los enriquece. La principal consecuencia negativa, por su parte, es que el desarrollo del propio debate, y cómo se ha ido formando, ha recibido poca atención. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer cómo este debate se ha sido desarrollado alrededor de los cuatros paradigmas clásicos del nacionalismo. Para ello, se aplica el esquema kuhniano para saber cuándo, cómo, y por qué se articularon estos paradigmas clásicos en torno a estos dos términos. Con esto se pretende profundizar en la explicación histórica de Moreno Almendral (2015), pero desde la filosofía de la ciencia, desarrollando una visión mucho más detallada del debate en torno al nacionalismo y la nación

Breve análisis a los "paradigmas clásicos del nacionalismo" = Brief analysis to the "classic paradigms of nationalism"

RESUMEN: Los eventos que han acontecido en varios lugares del continente europeo, como Kosovo, el este de Ucrania, Escocia, Cataluña, o más recientemente Córcega, han tenido como principal consecuencia el resurgimiento de la discusión, dentro del debate político, en torno a la nación y su condición de elemento legitimador de la comunidad política. Para darle sentido a esta discusión, este artículo desgrana brevemente los principales paradigmas del nacionalismo para poder identificar y situar a los diferentes actores dentro del debate teórico en torno a la nación. ABSTRACT: The events that have taken place in various parts of the European continent, such as Kosovo, eastern Ukraine, Scotland, Catalonia, or more recently Corsica, have had as a main consequence the resurgence of the discussion, within the political debate, around the nation and its condition as the legitimating element of the political community. To make sense of this discussion, this article briefly breaks down the main paradigms of nationalism in order to identify and place the different actors within the theoretical debate around the nation.PALABRAS CLAVE: paradigmas clásicos del nacionalismo, primordialismo, modernismo, perennialismo, etnosimbolismo.KEYWORDS: classic paradigms of nationalism, primordialism, modernism, perennialism, ethnosymbolism

Trombosis de la arteria hepática. Reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

A 60-year-old man who entered Internal Medicine ward due to acute abdominal pain, detected in abdominal CT with intravenous contrast thrombosis of the common hepatic artery, so anticoagulation is started. In the etiological study lupus anticoagulant is detected. During evolution, he requires the placement of a stent by the development of a saccular aneurysm, without presenting other complications.Hombre de 60 años que ingresa en Medicina Interna por dolor abdominal agudo, detectándose en TC abdominal con contraste intravenoso trombosis de la arteria hepática común, por lo que se inicia anticoagulación. En el estudio etiológico se detecta anticoagulante lúpico. Durante la evolución requiere la colocación de una endoprótesis vascular por desarrollo de un aneurisma sacular, sin presentar otras complicaciones

Application of chemometrics on Raman spectra from Mars: Recent advances and future perspectives

Producción CientíficaThe SuperCam and SHERLOC instruments onboard the NASA/Perseverancerover are returning the first Raman spectra to be ever collected from anotherplanet. Similarly, the RLS instrument onboard the ESA/Rosalind Franklinrover will collect Raman spectra from powdered rocks sampled from thesubsurface of Mars. To optimize the scientific exploitation of Raman spectrareturned from planetary exploration missions, tailored chemometric tools arebeing developed that take into account the analytical capability of the men-tioned Raman spectrometers. In this framework, the ERICA research groupis using laboratory simulators of SuperCam and RLS to perform representa-tive laboratory studies that will enhance the scientific outcome of bothMars2020 and ExoMars missions. On one hand, preliminary studies provedthe chemometric analysis of RLS datasets could be used to obtain a reliablesemi-quantitative estimation of the main mineral phases composing Martiangeological samples. On the other hand, it was proved the data fusion ofRaman and LIBS spectra gathered by SuperCam could be used to enhancethe discrimination of mineral phases from remote geological targets. Besidesdescribing the models developed by the ERICA group, this work presents anoverview of the complementary chemometric approaches so far tested in thisfield of study and propose further improvements to be addressed in thefuture.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Beca/Concesión Número:PID2019-107442RBC31European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. grant agreement no. 68730

Machine learning methods applied to combined Raman and LIBS spectra: Implications for mineral discrimination in planetary missions

Producción CientíficaThe combined analysis of geological targets by complementary spectroscopic techniques could enhance the characterization of the mineral phases found on Mars. This is indeed the case with the SuperCam instrument onboard the Perseverance rover. In this framework, the present study seeks to evaluate and compare multiple machine learning techniques for the characterization of carbonate minerals based on Raman-LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) spectroscopic data. To do so, a Ca-Mg prediction curve was created by mixing hydromagnesite and calcite at different concentration ratios. After their characterization by Raman and LIBS spectroscopy, different multivariable machine learning (Gaussian process regression, support vector machines, ensembles of trees, and artificial neural networks) were used to predict the concentration ratio of each sample from their respective datasets. The results obtained by separately analyzing Raman and LIBS data were then compared to those obtained by combining them. By comparing their performance, this work demonstrates that mineral discrimination based on Gaussian and ensemble methods optimized the combine of Raman-LIBS dataset outperformed those ensured by Raman and LIBS data alone. This demonstrated that the fusion of data combination and machine learning is a promising approach to optimize the analysis of spectroscopic data returned from Mars.Agencia Estatal de Investigación, grant (PID2022-142490OB-C32)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO),Grant/Award Number (RDE2018-102600-T

Organizaciones Agrarias y Cooperativas: Transformaciones en trabajo, producción, y acceso a la tierra en Misiones. 16H351

Las actividades agropecuarias en Misiones, vienen sufriendo profundas transformaciones que impactan de manera diferencial sobre los trabajadores y sobre los productores agrarios, pero también en el proceso manufacturero y de comercialización. Con el objetivo de identificar y analizar éstas transformaciones recientes, intentaremos generar conocimiento sobre cambios productivos y en la organización del trabajo en encadenamientos agroindustriales del té y la yerba mate, relevar las estrategias económicas de las cooperativas agroindustriales, identificando sus particularidades respecto a la organización del trabajo, a las modalidades de incorporación de tecnologías y normas de calidad, y en relación con las políticas públicas. También investigaremos la incidencia de organizaciones de productores agrarios sobre los cambios en la implementación de políticas agropecuarias, en especial respecto a la producción, comercialización de alimentos y acceso a la tierra. Considerando las interacciones complejas en las transformaciones en curso, al mismo tiempo las limitaciones contextuales y las estrategias de los actores, exploraremos canales de circulación de insumos y de productos, mecanismos de fijación de precios, para analizar relaciones económicas y de poder, así como transferencias entre los distintos sectores. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, tomaremos algunas experiencias de producción y comercialización, por parte de pequeños productores en forma asociativa, como referencia empírica para reflexionar sobre las posibilidades y dificultades de las organizaciones agrarias

Efecto de los antimaláricos sobre los diferentes dominios del índice de daño SLICC en pacientes de la cohorte GLADEL

Objetivos: estimar el efecto de los antimaláricos (AM) sobre los diferentes dominios del índice de daño SLICC (SDI). Métodos: se estudiaron pacientes con diagnóstico clínico reciente (≤2 años) de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) de la cohorte GLADEL

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049